{"id":28293,"date":"2018-08-02T08:53:36","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T12:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/?p=28293"},"modified":"2025-07-06T09:47:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T13:47:43","slug":"the-bad-guys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/?p=28293","title":{"rendered":"The Bad Guys"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As far back as our oldest surviving  piece of literature, Beowulf, (written in Old English), the forces of  good have been pitted against the forces of evil. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats,  comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot  has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him,  Grendel&#8217;s Mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Without the  existence of Grendel, <em>and  <\/em>Grendel\u2019s Mother (a Mother! Can you imagine! And I will be referring  back to her later), how would we regard Beowulf? He\u2019d be just another besotted  Baltic thug in need of a bath and a night to sleep it off.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Literature, be it in poem, song or  prose can\u2019t survive without some level of \u201cgood guy\/bad guy.\u201d Without that  blend we are deprived of what makes us human. We would lose a vibrant tension  that feeds our emotional needs. It would be like throwing out all the colors in  crayon box except tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From Beowulf, flash forward  to the 20th century. This lesson was not lost on Walt Disney. In  1937 from a Grimm\u2019s fairytale he created his first heroine. She had \u201cLips red  as the rose. Hair black as ebony. Skin white as snow.\u201d But a bad guy was  needed. Without Queen Grimhilde, Snow White would merely be remembered as a 14-year-old Princess who sings songs to animals and hangs out with seven little men  (which, I might add, has all the makings for an X-rated porn film). For the  evil Queen, Disney envisioned her as a mixture of Lady Macbeth and the Big Bad  Wolf. He wanted her to be beautiful, but (in his words) her &#8220;beauty is sinister,  mature, plenty of curves \u2014 she becomes ugly and menacing when scheming.&#8221; No way  around it, Grimhilde was scary. And for the narrative\u2019s success, the innocence,  kindness, and beauty Snow White <em>needed<\/em> Grimhilde\u2019s evil as a counterpoint.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disney knew that \u201cbad\u201d was \nessential in helping define the \u201cgood\u201d. Lady Tremaine had to be there to make \nCinderella\u2019s life miserable. And Baloo the Bear\u2019s raison d\u2019\u00eatre was to nurture \nand protect Mowgli from the vengeance seeking Shere Khan the Tiger. Simba in the \n\u201cLion King\u201d needed to \novercome the villainy of his Uncle Scar (he who was responsible for the death of \nSimba\u2019s Father).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These bad guys fascinate \nme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before you think otherwise, I have \nnot placed all my chips on \u201cblack\u201d in roulette. I love the hero and the \nunderdog just like you do! Further, there is something totally endearing in \nDisney heroes and heroines. &nbsp;Well drawn, filled with charm. Then why this \ninterest on Disney\u2019s <em>dark side<\/em>? \nLet me assure you it\u2019s completely <em>accidental<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It began quite simply. One day I  shared a conversation with Zachary about the acting talent Disney has recruited  over the years to be the voices of characters in their animated films. By any  standard this is an impressive list of women and men. We went thru the Disney  canon (SPOILER ALERT: the Pixar films were off-limits). And it struck me, and  I think Zack, too\u2026 that some of the best voice characterizations were villains.  The bad guys. Sometimes, completely unsympathetic stinkers.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For my own purposes the next step was to define what made the Disney bad guy, <em>bad\u2026 <\/em>and in many cases <em>scary<\/em> bad. I see it as a mix, in some combination of: drawing, script (what they said, or what they did) and voice. Then having identified and defined the attributes of each villain\u2026 why not rank them? \u00a0{Be advised that I place a good deal of weight on voice, which I will get to anon.}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How would Disney mucky-mucks go \nabout selecting the artist assigned to the job of drawing the bad guy. Is it \nbased on his or her artistic skill? Maybe the artist just hates little kids? Or \nis a poor tipper? There has to be something there. The artist has to channel \nan inner meanness! &nbsp;In the right hands the drawing of Ursula the Sea Witch \nshould just naturally flow onto the page. Ursula is a brilliantly drawn bad \nguy, and is my vote for the direct link to Grendel\u2019s Mother (you remember her! \nWrecking the mead hall in Beowulf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While a drawing can quickly  identify a character\u2019s perfidy (you don\u2019t have to read the script or hear the  voice to know that Jaffar in \u201cAladdin\u201d is evil!), the  words and deeds of a character will as a matter of course reinforce the <em>nasty<\/em> in the drawn character. For pure  meanness of spirit, nothing can surpass Maleficent\u2019s lines when she confronts  the shackled Prince Philip in her dungeon. It is my favorite scene in the film.  First you have her scary descent down the stone stairs in her castle. She  enters the dungeon cell with her ever present raven, and then with Tchaikovsky\u2019s  score in the background (No. 9, <em>Finale<\/em>), she calmly paints a picture  tinged with bone chilling irony: <em>\u201cOh come  now Prince Philip. Why so melancholy? A wondrous future lies before you \u2014 you,  the destined hero of a charming fairy tale come true.<\/em> [looking into the crystal at the head of  her staff]<em> Behold \u2014 King  Stefan&#8217;s castle. And in yonder topmost tower, dreaming of her true love, the  Princess Aurora. But see the gracious whim of fate \u2014 why, &#8217;tis the self-same  peasant maid, who won the heart of our noble prince but yesterday. She is  indeed, most wondrous fair. Gold of sunshine in her hair, lips that shame the  red red rose. In ageless sleep, she finds repose. The years roll by, but a  hundred years to a steadfast heart, are but a day. And now, the gates of a  dungeon part, and our prince is free to go his way. Off he rides, on his noble  steed, a valiant figure, straight and tall! To wake his love, with love&#8217;s first  kiss. And prove that &#8220;true love&#8221; conquers all!\u201d<\/em> &nbsp;She \u201cseals the deal\u201d  by laughing as she exits the dungeon. Maleficent is clearly a <em>really<\/em> bad  guy!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what happens when a character  looks evil in the drawn image, does horrible things, <em>and<\/em> then sounds like a lout? Well, that\u2019s  a perfect storm isn\u2019t it? But remember\u2026 this exercise began with the idea that  some \u201cA-List&#8221; talent provided the <em>voices<\/em> for these characters. And now turn  to my rankings of Disney Villains, you will see that a menacing voice is my  standard. I want to be able to close my eyes, hear a line delivered, and know  that the character is the devil incarnate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Shere Khan (The Jungle Book): George Sanders<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 229px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Shere_Khan_the_Tiger_is_sneaking_in_the_tall_long_grass.jpg\" alt=\"Shere Khan\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>I am convinced  that Rudyard Kipling came to Walt Disney in a dream and whispered in his ear,  \u201cCast George Sanders as the Tiger, or don\u2019t make the film.\u201d My choice of  Sanders as <em>numero uno<\/em> bad guys is  largely sentimental. It is driven by my love for his performance in the film  \u201cAll About Eve.\u201d He played the arch cad Addison DeWitt, for which he won the  Academy Award for Best Supporting. DeWitt was elegantly attired, possessed  splendid vocabulary\u2026 his lines were delivered with a soothing but sinister cynicism. His role as  Shere Khan is a perfect extension of his performance as Addison DeWitt. There is  an obvious degree of sophisticated nastiness in Shere Khan. He is at once a  <em>royal<\/em> Bengal Tiger, clearly of  high culture, yet ruthless in his quest to settle a score with  humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Scar (The  Lion King): Jeremy Irons<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 225px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Scar-2-The_Lion_King.jpg\" alt=\"Scar\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>An argument could be made that  Irons portrayal of Scar should take top prize. Scar had a much bigger part than  Shere Khan. Scar is instantly unlikable. Killing his brother King Mustafa?  Plotting to kill his nephew, the heir apparent? Siding with the hyenas against  the pride? Scar is really, <em>really<\/em> bad! Positively medieval! And then  there is Irons himself\u2026 he had the perfect resum\u00e9 for playing Scar. He was Claus  von B\u00fclow in the 1990 film \u201cReversal of Fortune\u201d \u2014 the New York socialite who  murdered his wealthy wife and was acquitted on appeal! Plus, Irons has the  voice! Similar to Sanders, a dignified continental tone that speaks of wealth  and treachery. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Hades  (Hercules): James Woods<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 240px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/hercules-disneyscreencaps.com-8826.jpg\" alt=\"Hercules\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>I knew nothing of this film. I  had absolutely no interest in seeing it on DVD or Netflix. It was Zachary who  pointed me in the direction of the film because of James Woods portrayal of  Hades. First, Hades is a terrific drawing\u2026 a flaming monster, colored in a blue  hue that changes to a brilliant red when he blows his stack. And with a mouthful  of pointy teeth. The guy is bad news. For the most part Woods keeps a  modulated tone, and it\u2019s his delivery of the lines that makes the performance  memorable. His pace and timing can\u2019t be surpassed\u2026 certainly as distinctive as,  say Christopher Walken\u2019s. Then, many of his lines are adlibbed. \u201cMy name is  Hades, Lord of the Dead. Hi. How ya doin\u2019?\u201d wonderfully smart assed in the vein of Robin  Williams\u2019 Genie in \u201cAladdin\u201d. The difference between to two characters? Genie  is a lovable hero, and Hades is a sinister dude. And trust me, you don\u2019t want  to see him when he\u2019s angry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Ursula (The  Little Mermaid): Pat Carroll<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 237px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/th.jpg\" alt=\"Ursula\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Ursula is the \u201cperfect storm\u201d. She  has everything: drawing, dialogue (to which we can add a killer song) &amp;  voice. I can remember Pat Carroll in Danny Thomas&#8217; &#8220;Make Room for Daddy&#8221; 50s  sitcom. And nothing prepared me for her appearance as a larger than life  octopus\/sea witch. Booming voice, appropriate for her girth, and belting out a  fabulous song&#8230; <em>I  admit that in the past I&#8217;ve been nasty\/They weren&#8217;t kidding when they called me,  well a witch\/But you&#8217;ll find that now-a-days\/I&#8217;ve mended all my ways, repented,  seen the light and took a switch\/true? Yes. And I fortunately know a little  magic\/It&#8217;s a talent that I always have possessed, but now dear lately, please  don&#8217;t laugh\/I use it on behalf, of the miserable, lonely and depressed! Poor,  unfortunate souls! So sad, so true! This one longing to be thinner, that one  wants to get the girl and do I help them? Yes, indeed! Now it&#8217;s happened once or  twice\/someone couldn&#8217;t pay the price\/and I&#8217;m afraid I have to rake them across  the coals! <\/em>Rake them across the coals indeed! And at  the end of the film she is transformed into a towering creature of the sea  unchecked in her appetite for power and domination. Terrifying! (SPOILER ALERT:  She loses).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Maleficent (Sleeping Beauty):  Eleanor Audley<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 381px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/maleficentinsleepingbeautycrop.jpg\" alt=\"Maleficent\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Take a look at old  illustrations and woodcuts of Satan. Goat&#8217;s<strong><em><strong><em>  <\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>horns  adorn the devil. And what do we see when Maleficent first  appears. Her slender form cloaked in black, her head gear? Goat&#8217;s horns! Need  we say more? Jiminy Crickets! This is not someone you take home to your  Mother! And then in front of the gathered royalty and nobilty, there to honor  the betrothal of the infant Princess, Maleficent bangs her staff on the stone  floor, the sound echoes in the great hall, and she announces in carefully chosen  words to the assembled <em>&#8220;The princess shall indeed grow in grace and beauty,  beloved by all who know her. *But*&#8230; before the sun sets on her 16th birthday,  she shall prick her finger \u2014 on the spindle of a spinning wheel \u2014 and DIE!&#8221;  <\/em>Talk about a mood killer! Is this the time&nbsp;to bring up  that at the end of the film she turns into a fire breathing dragon?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Grimhilde  (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs): Lucille La Verne<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 288px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/disney-movies-free-snow-white-evil-queen.jpg\" alt=\"Grimhilde\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>For a first time  effort in villainy Disney did a helluva job. Whether in regal appearance clothed  in purple and black, or transformed into the hideous crone, hunched with hawked  nose and wart, Grimhilde is both chilling and scary. Not only was she  frightening in the  film, the Evil Queen was so frightening in Disney World\u2019s \u201cSnow White\u2019s Scary  Adventures\u201d that the attraction was closed down! Writer for the <em>Tampa Bay Times<\/em>, Sean Daly described the  Queen in the ride,  \u201cBulging eyes. Gnarled fingers. Smoker&#8217;s-cough cackle. She lurks in Snow White&#8217;s  Scary Adventures, a herky-jerky kiddie ride that starts innocently \u2014 until your  car crashes through a wall into the black-light darkness. Before your eyes can  adjust, she makes her move. I was 5 when I first went face-to-face with that  woman. I sobbed. And like millions of others, I&#8217;ve never forgotten her.\u201d And  what higher tribute for a \u201cbad guy\u201d could there be? &nbsp;Scaring the snot out of  children since 1937!!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Iago (Aladdin): Gilbert Gottfried<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 237px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/th2.jpg\" alt=\"Iago\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>This maybe considered a  controversial pick considering Iago was second banana to the film\u2019s principle  evil character: Jaffar (Jonathan Freeman). And Jaffar as scheming evil-doer  stands with the best of them. Then why do I place Iago above Jaffar? Yes,  the idea of a bad guy being a parrot is amusing. But the reason Iago made my  Top Ten is because Gilbert Gottfried has a spectacularly irritating voice! It\u2019s  like Cyndi Lauper and Fran Dressler times ten. Gottfried\u2019s voice is actually  nausea inducing. Are you bothered by raw chalk scratching against the  blackboard? Honestly, I don\u2019t know how anyone can last thru Gottfried\u2019s stand-up  routine no matter how funny his jokes might be. &nbsp;Unlike the other bad guys  listed here, when I see Iago in the film I can actually see Gottfried\u2019s  squinting delivery of the lines!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Mother Gothel  (Tangled): Donna Murphy<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 288px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Disney_Mother_Gothel_Cartoon_wallpaper_1.jpg\" alt=\"Mother Gothel\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Some have noted that Mothel  Gothel\u2019s drawing bears a striking resemblance to Cher. I agree. And maybe that alone wins her a place on  this list!&nbsp;We only get a very brief view of Gothel in her decrepit form.&nbsp;Other than that,  essentially she is pretty hot looking for a bad guy. But there is  an element to Gothel\u2019s evil that we don\u2019t see in other villains.&nbsp;She is at  times self deprecating, at times patronizing, sarcastic and never far from displaying a  self-serving charm..<em>. Rapunzel, please, stop  with the mumbling. You know how I feel about the mumbling. Blah blah blah blah  blah, it&#8217;s very annoying! I&#8217;m just teasing, you&#8217;re adorable. I love you so much,  darling.<\/em> The animation of that scene has to be one of Disney\u2019s best.  But behind the smiles and faux caring, there is no question about her meanness  and selfishness. <em>Enough with the lights,  Rapunzel! YOU are not leaving this tower! EVER! <\/em>[sits down  dramatically]<em> Great. Now I&#8217;M the bad  guy<\/em>! Gothel is bad in a very I-know-that-type-of-person way. And how  scary is that!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Queen of Hearts (Alice in  Wonderland): Verna Felton<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 200px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/th3.jpg\" alt=\"Queen of Hearts\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>I think the Queen of Hearts is more  \u201cincorrigible\u201d than \u201cevil\u201d. Yes she shouts and scowls and looks damn angry most  of the time. Not the stuff of pure villainy. I include her here because of her  maltreatment of the King. Sorry, she is a text book bossy, pain in the ass  wife. In short, the Queen of Hearts is the bane of existence for every  decent, kind  hearted<strong><em><strong><em>  <\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;  weak-kneed man. The Queen is forever sending folks to the block  for beheading, and the King has to sneak around to grant pardons! And <em>sneak<\/em> is the operative word here. Forget  that she is twice the size of the King! &nbsp;&nbsp;We may not fear the Queen of Hearts\u2026  <em>but the King certainly  does!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wine\" style=\"margin-bottom: -10px\">Captain Hook (Peter Pan): Hans Conried<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right; margin: 34px 0px 25px 25px; width: 400px; height: 300px\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/th4.jpg\" alt=\"Captain Hook\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n<p>In my first draft of the Top Ten,  Hook placed much higher. But truth be told, I find Hook loveable! And besides,  he\u2019s a snappy dresser! In fact, I thought about creating an entirely separate  category: \u201cBad Guys, But Loveable.\u201d Yes, the hook is a scary prop. Yes, he has  a bad attitude. He even actively enlists Tinkerbell as a confederate against  Peter Pan! By far his worst offense! But dastardly,  blood-dripping-from-the-mouth villain? Really? He is a buffoon who stumbled  into the bad guy part. But I have to include Hook on this list for one very  important reason. Hans Conried is fantastic! He also voices Mr. Darling. And  he hits all the right notes in both parts. Rolls his \u201cR\u2019s\u201d splendidly, and I  don\u2019t think anyone could have expressed exasperation and frustration better than  Conried! Yes, Hook is guilty of deceiving Tinkerbell! But look more closely,  Hook was merely exploiting the seething jealousy that Tinkerbell had for Wendy!  Hook addresses Tinkerbell, <em>And that&#8217;s why I  asked you over, me dear, to tell Peter I bear him no ill will. Oh, Pan has his  faults, to be sure. Bringing that Wendy to the island, for instance. Dangerous  business, that. Why, rumor has it that already she has come between you and  Peter\u2026 Oh, Smee, the way of a man with a maid: taking the best years of her life  and then casting her aside like an old glove! But we musn&#8217;t judge Peter too  harshly, my dear. It&#8217;s that Wendy who&#8217;s to blame.<\/em> Yes, even a  lovable villain deserves a place on my list!!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"width: 639px; height: 921px; margin-left: 0\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/me-and-hook-712x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"caption\" style=\"margin-bottom: 34px\">Captain Hook throws shade on the author, to the amusement of&nbsp;Princess&nbsp;Summer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As far back as our oldest surviving piece of literature, Beowulf, (written in Old English), the forces of good have been pitted against the forces of evil. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/?p=28293\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entertainment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28293"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111524,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28293\/revisions\/111524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/summerofjim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}